Telephone English Practice Exercises

Speaking English on the telephone is one of the most challenging tasks for any English learner. There are a number of common phrases to learn, but the most challenging aspect is that you can not see the person. The most important thing about practicing telephone conversations is that you shouldnt be able to see the person you are speaking to on the phone. Here are some tips and exercises to get you started improving your telephone English. Exercises for Practicing Speaking on the Telephone Here are a few suggestions for practicing phone calls without looking at your partner: In the same room - Put your chairs back to back and practice speaking on the phone, you will only hear the other persons voice which will approximate a telephone situation.Use the telephone - This is pretty obvious, but really not used that often. Give your friend a call and practice various conversations (role plays).Use internal office phones at work - This is one of my favorites and great for business classes. If your class is on site (at the office) go to different offices and call one another practicing conversations. Another variation is for the students to go into another office and have the teacher telephone them pretending to be a native speaker in a hurry. Its then up to the students to make sure they have communicated what they need  or understood what the caller wants. This exercise is always a lot of fun — depending on how good your teacher is at acting!Tape yourself - If you are practicing alone, tape standard answers and then practice using the tape recorder s topping and starting to simulate a conversation.Real life situations - Businesses are always interested in telling you about their products. Find a product you are interested in and research it over the telephone. You can ...call a store to find out the prices and specifications.ring the company representative to find out details on how the product works.telephone a consumer agency to find out if the product has any defects.call customer service to find out about replacement parts, etc. Grammar:  Present Continuous for Telephone English Use the present continuous tense to state why you are calling: Im calling to speak to Ms. Anderson.Were sponsoring a contest and would like to know if you are interested. Use the present continuous to make an excuse for someone who cant take a call: Im sorry, Ms. Anderson is meeting with a client at the moment.  Unfortunately, Peter isnt working in the office today. Grammar: Would / Could for Polite Requests Use Would / Could you please to make requests on the telephone such as asking to leave a message: Could you please take message?Would you please let him know that I called?Could you please ask him/her to call me back? Telephone Introductions Use This is... to introduce yourself on the telephone: This is Tom Yonkers calling to speak with Ms. Filler.   Use This is ... speaking if someone asks for you and you are on the phone. Yes, this is Tom speaking. How may I help you?This is Helen Anderson.   Check Your Understanding Answer these questions to check your understanding of how to improve your telephone English. True or False?  Its best to practice telephone calls with friends together in a room.Its a good idea to: a) turn your chairs back to back and practice b) record yourself and practice conversations c) try to use real life situations to practice d) all of theseTrue or False?  You have to remember to use a real telephone to practice telephone English.Fill in the gap:  Could you _____ let her know that I telephoned?Telephoning in English can be difficult because a) people are lazy when they speak on the telephone. b) you cant see the person speaking. c) the sound on the telephone is too low.  Fill in the gap:  _____ is Peter Smith calling about my appointment next week.   Answers False -  Its best to practice in separate rooms with real telephones.D -  All of the ideas are helpful when practicing telephone English.  True -  The best way to learn telephone English is to practice on the telephone.please -  Remember to be polite!B -  Telephone English is especially difficult because there are no visual clues.This -  Use This is... to introduce yourself on the telephone.

Why I Am A Teacher - 933 Words

We are first taught to speak, because we need words to acquire the skill of writing, and then we are taught to write, because we need a way to express ourselves. There has to be a beginning, each and every distinct story has a beginning, but how can we find the beginning when we were incoherent of who we were? In the society that we grew up in writing is a must, in fact the better writers we are the further we will go in life, or that’s what everyone says right? So at a young age I remember that being drilled into my brain, if you don’t learn to write you won’t go into the next grade, if your handwriting is too bad you won’t get into the next grade, I remember those words being shoved down my throat every single solitary year of school. When I was starting kindergarten I could already write the basics because my parents thought this was a very important skill and made sure both my brother and I could both read and write well enough. I remember the nights w here I would lay in my bed and my mom or dad would sit on the side of the bed and read me stories. I can still visualize myself looking over at the book shelf and just loving every single book on the shelf, the lights were just dim and they would read, I can still hear their voices and remember how their words would affect me. I can truly thank my parents for first developing me into both a reader and a writer at such a young age. When I was trekking through elementary school I can remember multiple times when a teacher orShow MoreRelatedWhy I Am A Teacher807 Words   |  4 Pageswhat kind of job a person is going to take, a basic question to answer is about why. Why I want to be a teacher? This is one thing about which I has to be very clear before I decide on anything else such as what type of teacher I desire, or which subject, or where I want to teach. There are several aspects that have motivated me to be a teacher. First, the significant position of education in China makes teacher a most honored and respected role that attracts me. Second, my interest in teachingRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher909 Words   |  4 Pagesin school. At the beginning of high school, I had already acquired plenty of experience writing and had found my style of writing. High School has given me a chance to further explore different ways to write and allowed me to learn what I do and do not like writing about. This past semes ter of DE English has felt like the next step in my evolution as a writer. During middle school I wrote in my english classes many times just like everyone else. However, I was in a program called â€Å"Focus† from fifthRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher1287 Words   |  6 PagesThe first reason I decided to become a teacher because I have always enjoyed interacting, inspiring and guiding young people. I remember as a kid I always used my little chalkboard and pretend to teach to my friends what I had learned in school. I am also very patient and love to learn new material and explain it to others. The second reason, my ESL teacher during my first high school year was a real inspiration to me; I admire her ability to guide students. The third reason, when I started workingRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe people in my life I have always looked up to the most have been my teachers. When I was a child, they seemed all-powerful, the givers of the knowledge I didn’t even know I sought. Now, as a teenager, I still hold the opinion that educating the next generation is one of the noblest tasks a person can devote themselves to. Like many children, I went through many â€Å"dream career† phases: astronaut first, inspired by the â€Å"Magic School Bus† books, then veterinarian, a seemingly natural fit with my loveRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesDream Big I clearly remember the day my mother brought home a small wooden desk for me. I cherish that desk so much because not only did I use it to do my homework, but I also used to play school. Even though I was very young, I knew I wanted to be a teacher. So the years went by and I was now a senior in high school and so close to achieving my goal of being a teacher. I knew attending college would be difficult, my parents, older sister, and I had no clue where to begin, or if it was evenRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher1913 Words   |  8 PagesEver since I can remember, I’ve wanted to be a teacher. I remember sitting in grade school thinking, â€Å"Someday, I’d love to be doing what my teacher is doing now.† And amazingly, as I grew older, the age level at which I wanted to teach got bigger and bigger. However, as I approached the completion of my high school years, I realized that while teaching was a passion, it wasn’t a profession. It wasn’t the mone y necessarily (though that is daunting to a student going into education) but I realizedRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher1194 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Growing up, I was the daughter and granddaughter of excellent teachers. I always saw how dedicated my mother and grandmother were to their profession. I saw first-hand the late night grading, the parent-teacher conferences, and all the joys and burdens of being a teacher. So, without a doubt I knew I wanted to experience the same joy of being a teacher and being able to inspire students to learn, just like my mother and grandmother. I learned early on that teaching was not a regularRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher1221 Words   |  5 Pagesunique, influential teacher to drive a student into a specific field, and in my case, those teachers were Ms. Kim and Mr. Salters. When I entered fifth grade, I thought math was fun and interesting, but then in Mr. George’s class, I was berated quite loudly in front of the entire class for being an idiot after misplacing a digit. I had loved science and math until that point. For many students, this would be the end of the road for loving math and science. Thankfully, later I was fortunate enoughRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pages INTRODUCTION I believe that because I have wanted to be a teacher since I was a little girl. Not only have I wanted becoming a teacher for many years, but also I have had many teachers in my past, good and bad, who have assisted me in realizing that teaching was the profession for me. I have started to work as a teacher assistant in a school for autistic children. Teaching is a challenging task. One shall perform his duty with the highest degree of excellence, professionalismRead MoreWhy I Am A Teacher Essay859 Words   |  4 PagesTeacher Questionnaire 1. Yes. And I believe teacher minister students beyond just what he/she lectures. When I was teaching art in the university, just my students are asked to be committed in their studies in art, making connection with the practical fields, I hold myself to set an example for students in commitment and integrity as an artist. I believe a teacher plays the role as a guide and a supporter in students’ learning progress. 2. Growing up, I was blessed with several passionate teachers

Eras of Policing Free Essays

There are three specific periods of policing that the 19th and 20th centuries embraced: political era, reform era, and community era. During the political era (1840s-1930s) the functions of law enforcement were controlled by the local politicians. This era was characterized by five points–authority was coming only from politicians and the law, it was a very broad social service function, the organizational design was decentralized, law enforcement had a very intimate relationship with the community, and there was an increased usage of foot patrol. We will write a custom essay sample on Eras of Policing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Authority from politicians posed a problem during this time. Since most of the power was given to politicians the selection of good law enforcement was not a priority. During this era law enforcement wore no type of uniform which made it difficult for citizens to recognize an officer when one was needed. The reform era (1930s-1980s) was the second era in law enforcement. The characteristics of this era recognized the authority coming from the law and professionalism.Crime control became the primary function which made for a more centralized, efficient organization. It also provided the community with a more professional agency that used preventive patrol measures and a more rapid response to crime. During this time a managed hierarchical pyramid of control was established for police officers. When specific problems rose law enforcement created special units to take care of these issues instead of using patrol officers. The third era of law enforcement is the community era (1980s-present). This era is characterized by the authority coming from the support of the community, law, and professionalism. A broad range of services provided a better hold on crime control in the community. Having a decentralized organization gave more authority to patrol officers and let them become more intimate with their community relationships. This era also increased the use of foot patrols and an increased knowledge of problem-solving. Law enforcement became more concerned over citizen satisfaction. How to cite Eras of Policing, Papers

Causes of Stress free essay sample

Stress can be a positive thing helping an individual to grow, develop, be stimulated and take action. However, if stress exceeds a person’s ability to cope it can impact on their mental and physical health in a range of ways. Some research studies estimate up to two thirds of illnesses seen by GPs are stress related. In the days of the caveman, stress often came in the form of physical threats that required individuals to react quickly and decisively. The body helped out by automatically clicking into high gear at the first sign of trouble, releasing a surge of hormones (notably adrenaline and cortisol) to accelerate the heart rate, raise blood pressure, increase blood sugar, and enhance the brain’s use of glucose. This stress response meant the caveman was instantly ready to fight or flee. Modern day stresses are more likely to be psychological in origin and prolonged in nature (work-related stress, financial worries, inter-personal relationships, chronic illnesses). We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of Stress or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But they can still set off the body’s alarm mechanism and the associated hormone surge. Over-exposure to those stress hormones can, in turn, have a range of impacts on the body’s systems brain, cardiovascular, immune, digestive and so on. People deal with stress in different ways and the capacity to deal with stress changes throughout life. Those who have developed effective strategies to deal with day to day stressors are less likely to develop physical and psychological symptoms. Developing strategies to deal with stress can prevent or reduce its effects. There are many approaches to managing, relieving or coping with stress. These include exercise, dietary changes, relaxation, stress management courses, counselling and medications. Exercise and Diet Diet and exercise can play an important role in the relief of stress. Eat a balanced diet and avoid foods that may increase tension eg: coffee, tea, and foods high in sugar. Exercise helps to release built up tension and increases fitness (see Healthy heart exercise). This, in turn, increases the body’s ability to deal with stress and helps to avoid the damage to our health that prolonged stress can cause. It is recommended that exercise be undertaken at least three times per week to be of most benefit. If you are not used to exercise, discuss this with a doctor prior to commencing an exercise programme. Relaxation Relaxation is an effective way to help reduce muscle tension associated with stress. There are many different relaxation techniques eg: yoga, meditation, massage. Some people find that simply taking â€Å"time out† during the day or after a stressful situation is sufficient to reduce stress levels. There are more formalised relaxation techniques available eg: Jacobson’s Progressive Relaxation Technique, The Mitchell Method and hypnosis. Consult a doctor or community resource group (eg: Citizen’s Advice Bureau) to find out what services are available. A local library may also be able to recommend suitable books on this topic. Stress management courses Stress management courses enable individuals to develop strategies to cope with life and stress more effectively. Most courses teach skills that enable the individual to recognise current stressors and techniques to effectively deal with these. Skills such as time management, goal setting, assertive communication, problem solving, managing change and relaxation techniques may be taught. Counselling Discussing concerns with an impartial person may assist with recognising stressors and deciding upon strategies to deal with them. This does not necessarily need to be a professional therapist but may be a trusted family member, friend or colleague. Often the process of discussing a concern is enough to alleviate the stress it is causing. Asking for help should not be seen as a sign of weakness. Knowing when to ask for help may be one of the changes necessary in order to deal with stress more appropriately. Alternative therapies Some people find therapies such as acupuncture, homeopathy, herbal medicine and aromatherapy effective in both preventing and relieving stress. Medications In severe cases of stress, medication may be prescribed to treat some of the symptoms caused by stress. Medication should only be considered as a short-term treatment and should be strictly monitored by the prescribing doctor.

School Of Assassins Essays - Human Rights Abuses,

School Of Assassins Due to the incredible amounts of human rights violations committed by graduates of the School of the Americas as a direct effect of their training funded by U.S. tax dollars, the School of the Americas must be closed down. The school is a cold war dinosaur that needs to be brought to the attention of the American taxpaying public. The people of our nation need to be aware that every time they get a paycheck, they are contributing to the oppression and killing of the indigenous peoples of Latin America by their own leaders. The School of Americas was formed in 1946 in Panama. It was originally formed so that the United States would have ties in Central America to keep Castro under control in Cuba. In 1984, the school moved to Fort Benning, Georgia. The students at the school are taught counterinsurgency tactics such as combat skills, sniper fire, military intelligence, commando tactics, and psychological operations. Recent revelations have shown that the school also actively teaches torture tactics. In September of 1996, the Pentagon, under intense social pressure, released SOA training manuals that were previously unavailable to the public. A group called the Latin America Working Group issued a translated copy of the manuals. The manuals recommended interrogation techniques like torture, execution, blackmail, and arresting the relatives of parties involved. They suggested the use of truth serums on prisoners to get them to answer questions. The manuals recommend the infiltration of work unions, political parties, youth groups, religious groups, and all other organizations subversive to the national government (Fact Sheet). The governments of these nations recognize anyone who promotes social change and betterment as a terrorist threat. "One manual describes 60's activist Tom Hayden, currently a California State Senator, as ?one of the masters of terrorist planning.' It is precisely this identification of activist for social change as terrorists that led death squads to kill thousands of religious leaders, students, union members and human rights activists" (Haugaard 15) These manuals and recommendations hardly seem to be in line with the democratic seed that the U.S. government is supposedly trying to sow in Latin America. In the 70's when Nixon spyed on and infiltrated an opposing political party, he came up under impeachment chrges. This was a very serious ordeal, but the United States is promoting this behavior in other countries (Latin America Working Group). Our country that we believe is the noble protecter of the world is involved in some of the greatest massacres in the history of Latin America. The soldiers are trained to fight insurgents, but what insurgents are left in the poverty-stricken culture of Latin America? The only insurgents now are the religious leaders and the poor people who want to take a stand for what should be theirs. The rich and powerful in Latin American nations want to keep their wealth and status. They don't want to give the poor citizens of their nation anything. When the poor rise up to try and alter the position they're in, the military rulers are ready to squash their efforts by any means necessary. There have been many cases in the last twenty years of massacres and assassinations of religious leaders whose only threat was that of the empowerment of the poor. The military accused the leaders as heads of guerilla movements and executed them. A prime example of a religious leader who fought for the betterment of his people was Archbishop Oscar Romero of El Salvador. He spoke out against the violence against and oppression of the poor. He had and seen enough and was taking a stand. He made a plea over a radio station which broadcast throughout Latin America asking the governments to stop the killing and oppression. The very next day, while performing mass, he was assassinated by a graduate of the SOA ("School of Assassins." 2) Another example of martyrs slain by graduates of the SOA were three nuns and a layworker who were abducted, raped, and murdered in El Salvador on December 2, 1980. They were Ita Ford, Dorothy Kazel, Maura Clarke, and Jean Donovan. They were in El Salvador to work with the poor. These were four women. They were not a threat to the government except that they were attempting to elevate the poor. Recently the four soldiers who were imprisoned for the murders indicated that they were following orders from above. This means that the actual perpetrators were the upper echelon commanders that ordered the attack. It has come to the light that General Jose Guillermo Garcia

A Clockwork Orange

A Clockwork Orange Free Online Research Papers In A Clockwork Orange, a young fifteen year old droog named Alex is a thug on the streets. He and his fellow droogs Pete, Dim, and Georgie do every single horrendous thing possible: raping innocent women, breaking into houses, picking on men that were simply minding their own business, stealing cars, spending stolen money on drinks for women, getting into violent fights, and more. After a whole mist of chaos, his three droogs betray him and Alex is sent to prison for fourteen years. In the prison, Alex meets a chaplain and the chaplain allows him to read the Bible and listen to classical music, for Alex loved classical music before he went to prison. When he was in prison, he was intrigued with the Bible simply because of all of the drinking, sex, and violence that was told in it. After murdering another prisoner in the cell, Alex is â€Å"the first candidate for the Ludovico’s Technique.† The Ludovico’s Technique is a brainwashing system that was designed to make stubborn prisoners becomes harmless. After two years, Alex is released from prison since he has already transformed from a vicious thug to a helpless young man. He also realizes that he is defenseless because Dim and his enemy from the past, Billyboy, are now policemen and take every chance to attack him since he cannot do anything back to them. Finally, the novel ends when the government turns him back into the person he was before because a man named F. Alexander gets the word out that the government used the Ludovico’s Technique on him. He forms a new gang but after finding Pete again and finding out that Pete has led a â€Å"normal† life (which includes being married), Alex realizes that is all he wants to do now is have a so called â€Å"normal† life with a family, regular job, and what he calls a â€Å"grown-up goloss.† This book, as we know, is mainly about a fifteen year old boy named Alex. Alex is the leader of his gang that includes Dim, Georgie, and Pete. At night, they feel that they rule the streets. This is evident because most of the incidents, if not all, take place in the night, such as the raping of F. Alexander’s wife while holding her husband down to watch, the ripping of the manuscript A Clockwork Orange by F. Alexander (though we do not know that that is his name at the time of the ripping of the manuscript), stealing cars, drinking milk laced with other drugs at the Korova Milkbar, and as Alex would say, â€Å"all that cal.† This may also demonstrate that Alex feels a high sense of security during the nighttime rather than the daytime since most of the incidents, if not all, happen at night. Alex seems to be programmed to rob people and rape women, since he does it so automatically. At one point in this novel, Alex rapes two ten year old girls who always cut school, listen to pop music, and in my opinion, are truly naà ¯ve. I think that the girls are naà ¯ve because they believe that Alex is only taking them to go eat and have them listen to music: â€Å"‘What you got back home, little sisters, to play your fuzzy warbles on?’ Because I could viddy the discs they were buying were these teeny pop veshches. ‘I bet you got little save tiny portable like picnic spinners.’ And they sort of pushed their lower lips out at that. ‘Come with uncle,’ I said, ‘and hear all proper. Hear angel trumpets and devil trombones. You are invited.’ And I liked bowed. They giggled again and one said: ‘Oh, but we’re so hungry. Oh, but we could so eat.’ The other said: ‘Yah, she can say that, can’t she just.’ So I said: ‘Eat with uncle. Name your place.’† Later on, they STILL do not seem to get the fact that Alex may do something bad to them such as, oh, I would guess, RAPE them: â€Å"‘Righty right, Marty and Sonietta. Time for the big spin. Come.’ When we were outside on the cold street they thought they would not go by autobus, oh no, but by taxi, so I gave them the humour, though with a real horrorshow in-grin, and I called a taxi from the rank near Center. The driver, a starry whiskery veck in very stained platties, said: ‘No tearing up, now. No nonsense with them seats. Just re-upholstered they are.’ I quieted his gloopy fears and off we spun to Municipal Flatblock 18A, these two bold little ptitsas giggling and whispering†¦ Then I pulled the lovely Ninth out of its sleeve, so that Ludwig van was now nagoy too, and I set the needle hissing on to the last movement, which was all bliss. There it was then, the bass strings like govoreeting away from under my bed at the rest of the orchestra, and then the male human goloss coming in and telling them all to be joyful, and then the lovely blissful tune all about Joy being a glorious spark of heaven, and then I felt the old tigers leap in me and then I leapt on these two young ptitsas. This time they thought nothing fun and stopped creeching with high mirth, and had to submit to the strange and weird desires of Alexander the Large which, what with the Ninth and the hypo jab, were choodnessny and zammechat and very demanding, O my brothers. But they were both very very drunken and could hardly feel very much. The way Alex is with raping women and other crimes is almost as if it were like weed to an addict: You feel the urge to have it even if the urge is not really there. I believe this is so because what Alex does is so automatic: at night, he meets up with his friends, they all go to the Korova Milkbar, get drugged up, and then they run around doing crazy things. Though Alex does all of these thuggish things, surprisingly, I found out that Alex enjoyed classical music. However, I believe that the classical music is symbolic in the way that the bits in the story that talked about classical music were arranged just like music. For example, at one point, when he is trying to pick out a record to listen to, he repeats over and over again, â€Å"What’s it going to be then, eh?† with different â€Å"stanzas† in between. When reading this, I recalled playing a Rondo by Beethoven when I was younger. It followed that sort of pattern, A B A C A B A. Also, the classical music may be some sort of a trance for Alex because whenever he did something gruesome, he would have classical music on, such as the part where he is about to attempt to commit suicide: â€Å"It was a symphony that I knew real horrorshow but had not slooshied for many a year, namely the Symphony Number Three of the Danish veck Otto Skadelig, a very gromky and violent piece, especially in the first movement, which was playing now†¦The music was still pouring in all brass and drums and the violins miles up through the wall. The window in the room where I had laid down was open. I ittied to it and viddied a fair drop to the autos and buses and walking chellovecks bellow. I creeched out to the word: ‘Goodbye, goodbye, may Bog forgive you for a ruined life.’ Then I got on to the sill, the music blasting away to my left, and I shut my glazzies and felt the cold wind on my litso, then I jumped.† Also, when he is raping Marty and Sonietta, he puts on Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony: Then I pulled the lovely Ninth out of its sleeve, so that Ludwig van was now nagoy too, and I set the needle hissing on to the last movement, which was all bliss. There it was then, the bass strings like govoreeting away from under my bed at the rest of the orchestra, and then the male human goloss coming in and telling them all to be joyful, and then the lovely blissful tune all about Joy being a glorious spark of heaven, and then I felt the old tigers leap in me and then I leapt on these two young ptitsas. This time they thought nothing fun and stopped creeching with high mirth, and had to submit to the strange and weird desires of Alexander the Large which, what with the Ninth and the hypo jab, were choodnessny and zammechat and very demanding, O my brothers. But they were both very very drunken and could hardly feel very much. From analyzing the Classical Music in A Clockwork Orange, I learnt that the one thing that you love most can be turned against you. Of course, I knew that before, but while reading A Clockwork Orange for the second or third time, I realized that since Alex loved classical music so much, when the doctors were experimenting Ludovico’s Technique on him, they injected medicine into him that made him nauseous, made him listen to classical music, and watch violent films. I believe that this may be a form of Neuro-Linguistic Programming, or for short, NLP. Basically, the doctors associated violent films and classical music with the nauseous feelings such as vomiting, migraines, and â€Å"all that cal.† According to the book, the Ludovico’s Technique was an experiment from the government that wanted to try this new formula. Since they released Alex after he served prison time for only two years and they did not call him back, this signifies that the experiment was a success. Also, Alex was completely defenseless when he came out of Ludovico’s Technique process. Through all of this, I am sure that the government is simply trying to find ways to control people no matter what the stakes are and that is the true reality of the world. In my opinion, this is very sad because the United States of America is a Union. Though this story takes place in London, to do this would be tyrannical and that would be such a shame. Another main character in this novel is the second droog named Pete, a friend of Alex’s. Though we learn at the end of the book that Pete is a couple of years older than Alex, I find it queer that Alex would be the leader of the gang. Perhaps Alex had more of the leadership type and I do think that Pete was the only one that was loyal to Alex, probably because they had been such great friends, though there are no examples that can be quoted from the text. However, it is apparent that Pete and Alex were closer friends than the others. I think that Peter was the only loyal friend because the other two droogs bailed out on Alex and it was because of them in the first place that actually got Alex into jail. Dim may have been the one to put Alex in jail, but I think that it was actually almost all Georgie’s fault: â€Å"’Away,’ I creeched to Dim. ‘The rozzes are coming.’ Dim said: ‘You stay to meet them huh huh huh,’ and then I viddied that he had his oozy out, and then he upped with it and it snaked whishhhhh and he chained me gentle and artistic like on the glazlids, me just closing them up in time. Then I was howling around trying to viddy with this howling great pain, and Dim said: ‘I don’t like you should do what you done, old droogy. Not right it wasn’t to get on to me like the way you done, brat.’† Now that is some serious backstabbing. However, the reader must remember that Dim is not his real name and though we do not know his real name, we can safely assume that his name is what he is because later on in the story when Alex is released from jail, Dim is â€Å"friends† with who used to be their enemy, Billyboy since they are both police officers. Now, as I thought for a moment, what are the chances of an enemy being friends with an enemy from before, and for what reasons would they do such a thing? My guess was that either both Dim and Billyboy were both motivated to kill Alex, or Billyboy saw how dim Dim was and was tempted to use him. Well, in the beginning of this novel, Alex says: There was me, that is Alex, and my three droogs, that is Pete, Georgie, and Dim, Dim being really dim†¦ So therefore, we already know that Dim really is dim, so the better answer of the two, at least with my logic, is that Dim was only â€Å"friends† with Billyboy because Billyboy could use him. Therefore, if Billyboy could be so possessive of Dim and they used to be arch enemies, would it not be easier for Georgie to possess Dim, since they were already friends? I believe that Georgie took control over Dim and made him hit Alex with his chain because Georgie knew that Dim would take orders from him. Perhaps Georgie had brainwashed Dim in some way to make him go against Alex; I do no know. Also, that may be one factor but I also think that maybe Alex might have bossed them around a lot and had air that he was their gang leader. This is only a guess; however, I think there had to be some kind of reason that they would do such a thing as to turn in their own fellow droog to the police. That is why I think that Pete is the only loyal one in the group. Even after Alex ha s his brainwashing reversed, when Alex finds Pete, Pete does not turn him away and instead, he introduces Alex to â€Å"the better side of life†: a clean, gangster-free life with a wife, near-perfect speech (in the days where they were always on the streets, they spoke Nadsat), and a steady job. It is Pete that inspires Alex to take what most people would think as â€Å"the right path.† Before, I did not know what Nadsat was until I did some deeper research. I noticed that there were many words that I did not know in A Clockwork Orange. Therefore, I did a search for â€Å"A Clockwork Orange Speech† and found out that the language that they were speaking was called Nadsat which is basically a combination of English, transliterated Russian, and Cockney English. Nadsat was invented by the author of A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess. Though I am not entirely sure, I believe that Jesus Christ may be symbolic in this story just because when Alex attempted suicide by throwing himself out the window, this may have been an act of sacrifice for the government’s wrongdoings. F. Alexander was trying to get Alex to kill himself by playing classical music full blast because at this time, the brainwashing was still intact. If Alex killed himself, F. Alexander could blame the government because they â€Å"drove him to insanity† by performing Ludovico’s Technique. Therefore, if Alex threw himself out and died, it would be like sacrificing himself to reveal the terrible, terrible government. I also think that the milk is symbolic. Whenever I think of milk, I think of cookies and the phrase â€Å"cookies and milk† seems somewhat childish because it would seem like the type of snack that children would have after school. Therefore, the milk may represent how young Alex and his droogs really are. However, in the milk are other drugs to â€Å"spike† the milk and when I think of drugs, I think of â€Å"adolescent† or â€Å"young adult† which may signify that though they are young, they still have the lives of adolescents. At one point, a peculiar thought came across my mind: In Nadsat, the word â€Å"God† becomes â€Å"Bog.† In British slang, â€Å"bogs† mean the bathroom. I am not sure if this would make any sense at all, but would this be pushing God farther down in any way? There is one part of the book that is unclear to me. Though this is supposed to take place in â€Å"Anthony Burgess’s nightmare vision of the future,† in the story, there is a part that says, â€Å"We haven’t a telephone.† How is that possible when even today, not finding a telephone in the house is uncommon? Overall, I believe that this book was very thrilling and great, yet terrible and horrific at the same time. The stories that Burgesses tells about Alex’s life and the brainwashing are awful and truth be told, I had to do all of my book report in the period between the morning and the evening; never at nightIn this book, a young fifteen year old droog named Alex is a thug on the streets. He and his fellow droogs Pete, Dim, and Georgie do every single horrendous thing possible: raping innocent women, breaking into houses, picking on men that were simply minding their own business, stealing cars, spending stolen money on drinks for women, getting into violent fights, and more. After a whole mist of chaos, his three droogs betray him and Alex is sent to prison for fourteen years. In the prison, Alex meets a chaplain and the chaplain allows him to read the Bible and listen to classical music, for Alex loved classical music before he went to prison. When he was in prison, he was intrigued with the Bible simply because of all of the drinking, sex, and violence that was told in it. After murdering another prisoner in the cell, Alex is â€Å"the first candidate for the Ludovico’s Technique.† The Ludovico’s Technique is a brainwashing system that was designed to make stubborn prisoners becomes harmless. After two years, Alex is released from prison since he has already transformed from a vicious thug to a helpless young man. He also realizes that he is defenseless because Dim and his enemy from the past, Billyboy, are now policemen and take every chance to attack him since he cannot do anything back to them. Finally, the novel ends when the government turns him back into the person he was before because a man named F. Alexander gets the word out that the government used the Ludovico’s Technique on him. He forms a new gang but after finding Pete again and finding out that Pete has led a â€Å"normal† life (which includes being married), Alex realizes that is all he wants to do now is have a so called â€Å"normal† life with a family, regular job, and what he calls a â€Å"grown-up goloss.† This book, as we know, is mainly about a fifteen year old boy named Alex. Alex is the leader of his gang that includes Dim, Georgie, and Pete. At night, they feel that they rule the streets. This is evident because most of the incidents, if not all, take place in the night, such as the raping of F. Alexander’s wife while holding her husband down to watch, the ripping of the manuscript A Clockwork Orange by F. Alexander (though we do not know that that is his name at the time of the ripping of the manuscript), stealing cars, drinking milk laced with other drugs at the Korova Milkbar, and as Alex would say, â€Å"all that cal.† This may also demonstrate that Alex feels a high sense of security during the nighttime rather than the daytime since most of the incidents, if not all, happen at night. Alex seems to be programmed to rob people and rape women, since he does it so automatically. At one point in this novel, Alex rapes two ten year old girls who always cut school, listen to pop music, and in my opinion, are truly naà ¯ve. I think that the girls are naà ¯ve because they believe that Alex is only taking them to go eat and have them listen to music: â€Å"‘What you got back home, little sisters, to play your fuzzy warbles on?’ Because I could viddy the discs they were buying were these teeny pop veshches. ‘I bet you got little save tiny portable like picnic spinners.’ And they sort of pushed their lower lips out at that. ‘Come with uncle,’ I said, ‘and hear all proper. Hear angel trumpets and devil trombones. You are invited.’ And I liked bowed. They giggled again and one said: ‘Oh, but we’re so hungry. Oh, but we could so eat.’ The other said: ‘Yah, she can say that, can’t she just.’ So I said: ‘Eat with uncle. Name your place.’† Later on, they STILL do not seem to get the fact that Alex may do something bad to them such as, oh, I would guess, RAPE them: â€Å"‘Righty right, Marty and Sonietta. Time for the big spin. Come.’ When we were outside on the cold street they thought they would not go by autobus, oh no, but by taxi, so I gave them the humour, though with a real horrorshow in-grin, and I called a taxi from the rank near Center. The driver, a starry whiskery veck in very stained platties, said: ‘No tearing up, now. No nonsense with them seats. Just re-upholstered they are.’ I quieted his gloopy fears and off we spun to Municipal Flatblock 18A, these two bold little ptitsas giggling and whispering†¦ Then I pulled the lovely Ninth out of its sleeve, so that Ludwig van was now nagoy too, and I set the needle hissing on to the last movement, which was all bliss. There it was then, the bass strings like govoreeting away from under my bed at the rest of the orchestra, and then the male human goloss coming in and telling them all to be joyful, and then the lovely blissful tune all about Joy being a glorious spark of heaven, and then I felt the old tigers leap in me and then I leapt on these two young ptitsas. This time they thought nothing fun and stopped creeching with high mirth, and had to submit to the strange and weird desires of Alexander the Large which, what with the Ninth and the hypo jab, were choodnessny and zammechat and very demanding, O my brothers. But they were both very very drunken and could hardly feel very much. The way Alex is with raping women and other crimes is almost as if it were like weed to an addict: You feel the urge to have it even if the urge is not really there. I believe this is so because what Alex does is so automatic: at night, he meets up with his friends, they all go to the Korova Milkbar, get drugged up, and then they run around doing crazy things. Though Alex does all of these thuggish things, surprisingly, I found out that Alex enjoyed classical music. However, I believe that the classical music is symbolic in the way that the bits in the story that talked about classical music were arranged just like music. For example, at one point, when he is trying to pick out a record to listen to, he repeats over and over again, â€Å"What’s it going to be then, eh?† with different â€Å"stanzas† in between. When reading this, I recalled playing a Rondo by Beethoven when I was younger. It followed that sort of pattern, A B A C A B A. Also, the classical music may be some sort of a trance for Alex because whenever he did something gruesome, he would have classical music on, such as the part where he is about to attempt to commit suicide: â€Å"It was a symphony that I knew real horrorshow but had not slooshied for many a year, namely the Symphony Number Three of the Danish veck Otto Skadelig, a very gromky and violent piece, especially in the first movement, which was playing now†¦The music was still pouring in all brass and drums and the violins miles up through the wall. The window in the room where I had laid down was open. I ittied to it and viddied a fair drop to the autos and buses and walking chellovecks bellow. I creeched out to the word: ‘Goodbye, goodbye, may Bog forgive you for a ruined life.’ Then I got on to the sill, the music blasting away to my left, and I shut my glazzies and felt the cold wind on my litso, then I jumped.† Also, when he is raping Marty and Sonietta, he puts on Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony: Then I pulled the lovely Ninth out of its sleeve, so that Ludwig van was now nagoy too, and I set the needle hissing on to the last movement, which was all bliss. There it was then, the bass strings like govoreeting away from under my bed at the rest of the orchestra, and then the male human goloss coming in and telling them all to be joyful, and then the lovely blissful tune all about Joy being a glorious spark of heaven, and then I felt the old tigers leap in me and then I leapt on these two young ptitsas. This time they thought nothing fun and stopped creeching with high mirth, and had to submit to the strange and weird desires of Alexander the Large which, what with the Ninth and the hypo jab, were choodnessny and zammechat and very demanding, O my brothers. But they were both very very drunken and could hardly feel very much. From analyzing the Classical Music in A Clockwork Orange, I learnt that the one thing that you love most can be turned against you. Of course, I knew that before, but while reading A Clockwork Orange for the second or third time, I realized that since Alex loved classical music so much, when the doctors were experimenting Ludovico’s Technique on him, they injected medicine into him that made him nauseous, made him listen to classical music, and watch violent films. I believe that this may be a form of Neuro-Linguistic Programming, or for short, NLP. Basically, the doctors associated violent films and classical music with the nauseous feelings such as vomiting, migraines, and â€Å"all that cal.† According to the book, the Ludovico’s Technique was an experiment from the government that wanted to try this new formula. Since they released Alex after he served prison time for only two years and they did not call him back, this signifies that the experiment was a success. Also, Alex was completely defenseless when he came out of Ludovico’s Technique process. Through all of this, I am sure that the government is simply trying to find ways to control people no matter what the stakes are and that is the true reality of the world. In my opinion, this is very sad because the United States of America is a Union. Though this story takes place in London, to do this would be tyrannical and that would be such a shame. Another main character in this novel is the second droog named Pete, a friend of Alex’s. Though we learn at the end of the book that Pete is a couple of years older than Alex, one may find it queer that Alex would be the leader of the gang. Perhaps Alex had more of the leadership type and Pete was the only one that was loyal to Alex, probably because they had been such great friends, though there are no examples that can be quoted from the text. However, it is apparent that Pete and Alex were closer friends than the others. One may think that Peter was the only loyal friend because the other two droogs bailed out on Alex and it was because of them in the first place that actually got Alex into jail. Dim may have been the one to put Alex in jail, but one may think that it was actually almost all Georgie’s fault: â€Å"’Away,’ I creeched to Dim. ‘The rozzes are coming.’ Dim said: ‘You stay to meet them huh huh huh,’ and then I viddied that he had his oozy out, and then he upped with it and it snaked whishhhhh and he chained me gentle and artistic like on the glazlids, me just closing them up in time. Then I was howling around trying to viddy with this howling great pain, and Dim said: ‘I don’t like you should do what you done, old droogy. Not right it wasn’t to get on to me like the way you done, brat.’† Now that is some serious backstabbing. However, the reader must remember that Dim is not his real name and though we do not know his real name, we can safely assume that his name is what he is because later on in the story when Alex is released from jail, Dim is â€Å"friends† with who used to be their enemy, Billyboy since they are both police officers. Now, as I thought for a moment, what are the chances of an enemy being friends with an enemy from before, and for what reasons would they do such a thing? My guess was that either both Dim and Billyboy were both motivated to kill Alex, or Billyboy saw how dim Dim was and was tempted to use him. Well, in the beginning of this novel, Alex says: There was me, that is Alex, and my three droogs, that is Pete, Georgie, and Dim, Dim being really dim. So therefore, we already know that Dim really is dim, so the better answer of the two, at least with my logic, is that Dim was only â€Å"friends† with Billyboy because Billyboy could use him. Therefore, if Billyboy could be so possessive of Dim and they used to be arch enemies, would it not be easier for Georgie to possess Dim, since they were already friends? Georgie took control over Dim and made him hit Alex with his chain because Georgie knew that Dim would take orders from him. Perhaps Georgie had brainwashed Dim in some way to make him go against Alex. Also, that may be one factor but also, Alex might have bossed them around a lot and had air that he was their gang leader. This is only a guess; however, I think there had to be some kind of reason that they would do such a thing as to turn in their own fellow droog to the police. That is why Pete may be the only loyal one in the group. Even after Alex has his brainwashing reversed, when Alex finds Pete, Pete does not turn him away and instead, he introduces Alex to â€Å"the better side of life†: a clean, gangster-free life with a wife, near-perfect speech (in the days where they were always on the streets, they spoke Nadsat), and a steady job. It is Pete that inspires Alex to take what most people would think as â€Å"the right path.† The language that they were speaking was called Nadsat which is basically a combination of English, transliterated Russian, and Cockney English. Nadsat was invented by the author of A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess. Jesus Christ may be symbolic in this story just because when Alex attempted suicide by throwing himself out the window, this may have been an act of sacrifice for the government’s wrongdoings. F. Alexander was trying to get Alex to kill himself by playing classical music full blast because at this time, the brainwashing was still intact. If Alex killed himself, F. Alexander could blame the government because they â€Å"drove him to insanity† by performing Ludovico’s Technique. Therefore, if Alex threw himself out and died, it would be like sacrificing himself to reveal the terrible, terrible government. The milk is symbolic. Whenever a person thinks of milk, they think of cookies and the phrase â€Å"cookies and milk† seems somewhat childish because it would seem like the type of snack that children would have after school. Therefore, the milk may represent how young Alex and his droogs really are. However, in the milk are other drugs to â€Å"spike† the milk and when one thinks of drugs, he or she thinks of â€Å"adolescent† or â€Å"young adult† which may signify that though they are young, they still have the lives of adolescents. At one point, a peculiar thought came across my mind: In Nadsat, the word â€Å"God† becomes â€Å"Bog.† In British slang, â€Å"bogs† mean the bathroom. I am not sure if this would make any sense at all, but would this be pushing God farther down in any way? There is one part of the book that is unclear to me. Though this is supposed to take place in â€Å"Anthony Burgess’s nightmare vision of the future,† in the story, there is a part that says, â€Å"We haven’t a telephone.† How is that possible when even today, not finding a telephone in the house is uncommon? Research Papers on A Clockwork OrangeThe Fifth HorsemanHip-Hop is ArtThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenWhere Wild and West MeetBringing Democracy to Africa

Public Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Health - Essay Example In any society, a situation becomes more of a ‘Nada’ and less of a ‘hurrah’, if ubiquitously you look and people are putting on microbes in the air and interspersing globules of germs in your face. It does not sound enjoyable at all, does it? Of course not now! Why would anything put up the shutters to being a bacteria hub or the public polluter and slayer sound pleasant? But do we really care? The response might be full of enthusiastic affirmatives but the truth is the condition of the public health sector is becoming worse day after day. People are getting grimy, they are fetching diseases and in the worst case scenario, they are ‘dying’. Why all of this? The answer to this hoisted ambiguity refers to many causes out of which ‘unawareness’ tops the list. Nadin (1998) verifies this point by saying â€Å"The end of literacy - ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ a chasm between a not-so-distant yesterday and the exciting, though confusing, tomorrow  œ is probably more difficult to understand than to live with† (3). Therefore, shall the former expression be phrased as ‘Should we really care?’ Yes! Is what we say and as soon as the answer is provided we confront another important question, which is ‘What is a health problem?’ The definition and clarification of what a health problem is can be validated by the definition â€Å"It is a condition in which an individual’s body is not able to execute by and large. A health problem might even cause throbbing in an individual’s body.† Therefore health problems can be considered such a part of a society which can lead a society towards havoc. All the institutions of a society are affected by health problems i.e. political, economic, educational and religious institutions. Hence, when a single individual is affected, the entire society is too. As Lucas, Makrides and Ziegler (2010) have explained â€Å"While we may be interested in the consequences of growth, the literature mostly provides information about size† (73) In

Rules of Engagement in Terrorism Threats Literature review

Rules of Engagement in Terrorism Threats - Literature review Example According to Cole, Drew, McLaughlin & Mandsager ( ), ‘Rules of Engagement’ (ROE) refers to those policies, which play a key role in determining the situations, extent, and approach that the armed forces have to exercise while conducting their actions. In short, the rules of engagement are such rules that are framed to limit the use of military services by the armed forces and restricting their use to a considerable extent. The rules of engagement are considered as lawful commands. In context to the present scenario OHCHR ( ), the country-specific government frames ROE that decides the manner in which the military forces of a nation, must deal while indulging in high-level of terrorist activities. Furthermore, ROE is designed to gauge preventive measures that would enable the armed forces to take preventive steps in dealing with terrorists and keeping in mind the duty to safeguard the lives of civilians. The ROE can act as a major facilitator in restricting the effectiveness of military functions and preventing the public from being injured in conflicts between military and terrorist groups. The government of a nation reserves the sole responsibility of determining the ROE, with regards to conflicts that involve public members and wherein, the lives of the public remains threatened. Hence, in order to minimize the effect of clashes between the terrorists and military forces, the government frames ROE for the benefit of the civilians. According to Broadstone ( ), a number of key determinants act as the basis upon which the government of a nation frames the ROE. Some of them are the law concerning armed forces of a nation, the operational factors, political scenario, domestic laws as well as values of the country. These factors further determine that ROE serves its political purpose by ensuring that the military activities are in accordance with the political intentions.

The Life and Times of Pat Brown Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Life and Times of Pat Brown - Essay Example And it all began because of one man's unselfish and noble direction to produce the best results for California disregarding the growing population and his own political career. Edmund Gerald Brown had an early prediction of having a business and political career set before his eyes. He was the grandson of Augustus Schuckman and Joseph Brown, the father of his father, Edmund Joseph Brown who were one of the early successful business men who came to California in the 1800s (Rarick, "California Rising" 8-14). Resembling the same courage and desire as his ancestors', Edmund Brown abandoned his old life, hunted for a brighter future in the West, and considered California as his homeland. Edmund learned how to become a young entrepreneur from his father. Edmund and his brother learned the world of commerce by selling newspapers and snapped cheap pictures in the streets. During the World War I, Edmund encouraged people to buy liberty bonds by giving four-minute speeches in school. During this time, he acquired the name Patrick Henry Brown that has shortened to "Pat" because at the end of his speech, he would shout: "Give me liberty or give me death!" In high scho ol, he had used his organizing skills by being a leader of the groups he joined into. When he graduated in 1923, he worked for his father as a cashier for awhile before he decided to pursue law in San Francisco Law School. Because public speaking was a gift for him, he was given the roles of the yell leader and debating club president. While he was studying at law school, he was offered a job as a personal assistant by a blind lawyer named Milton Schmitt. He graduated law, top-notching his class. And upon Schmitt's death, he took over the practice. Pat Brown's political career started when he altered from being a republican to a democrat. He believed that prioritizing the nation's woes are necessary (Rarick, "California Rising" 25-26). "For the first time in his life, he was a democrat, the political label that would define his career. In the long years that follow, he never thought of going back." He stated that, "changing parties was akin to finding a new religion" which meant that he wanted to become a democrat for the rest of his life and "wanted to do things for people and felt that the government had a part in it, felt that the government should aid and assist." Brown took on campaign chores for the democrats' candidate for governor, Culbert Olson. He headed his fund-raising committee and speaker's bureau for all of North California and he won. But Brown did not land a job with Olson and though disappointed, he built his own course instead in hometown politics. In 1939, he had run for incumbent district attorney in San F rancisco as a democrat still though he had no experience in criminal issues. Even though he lost, he considered it as "an opening wedge." In 1943, he pushed his luck again and won, serving for seven years. He became the Attorney General of California after that for eight whole years. In 1958, he was the democratic nominee for Governor of California. Pat Brown became the "activist governor" of California in 1959 when he defeated William F. Knowland. His first term was regarded to be full of vigour and accomplishment (Rarick, "California Rising" 3). He funded the development of public colleges and universities, built vast system of dams and

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act

Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act Erica D’Souza The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act:  Impediments of Implementation Introduction to the Subject: The present paper basically focuses on the problems and impediments that have been faced in the implementation of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE) in India. The paper primarily analyses and utilizes the secondary data available in the form of scholarly and newspaper articles on the concerned subject. The paper also attempts to understand, in a reverse mode, the advantages and drawbacks of the RTE Act. A new ray of hope became visible for the largely-undermined Public Education System in India when the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act came into force on 1st April, 2010. It has made free and compulsory education a fundamental right of every child in the (6 14) age group, irrespective of gender or social category (The Gazette 3). Now, it is a shared responsibility of both Central and State Governments to provide free and compulsory education to all children by all means. If a child is not getting access to the education, the State as well as the Central government will be responsible for it. The RTE Act also states that the responsibility of enrollment, attendance and completion of 8 years of schooling of every child will also be borne by the State. There is a special provision for the differently-able children in the Act. They will also be educated in the ordinary schools as well as up to the age of 18 (Soni and Rahman 6). Some important features of the act in brief (Gazette of India II): Every child belonging to the age group of 6-14 has the right to free and compulsory education. Private school will also have to take 25% of their class strength from the weaker section and the underprivileged groups of the society and that is also through a random selection process. It also states that there should not be any vacant seat in 25% quota in private schools. Moreover, these children from weaker background should be treated equally in all ways. Every school will have to follow norms and standards prescribed in the Act and school that does not follow these standards within 3 years will not be permitted to function further. No admission test or interview will be taken for children or parents in order to secure admission. A fixed student and teacher ratio is to be maintained suggested by the central government. The ratio is (30:1). The Government must ensure a Primary school within 1 KM and secondary school in 3 KM of all the territory of the State to ensure 100% enrollment. Impediments of Implementations: Different organizations have carried out various studies to find out status of implementation of the RTE Act focusing both on the educational infrastructure and quality of education. The most comprehensive and important survey is the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) which is carried out by Pratham, an education foundation bringing such annual report since 2005. ASER is carried out carried out by a local institution in every rural district in India. It is carried out each year in two months: September and November. In 2012, the survey reached 567 districts, 16,166 villages, 331,881 households and 5,96,846 children. About 500 organizations and 25,000 volunteers participated in this effort (Status 7). The ASER report for the status of implementation of the RTE Act in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan reveals two major findings which are not very gratifying for the implementation of the RTE Act in India and universalization of education: poor quality of education and privatization (8). The reports also provides some specific findings such as: turn down trend in student and teacher attendance; enrolment is high, but proportion of out-of-school children also high, first choice was given for private schools and declining reading skill, private tution in demand etc. In his article â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of RTE Act†, published in The Hindu on 21 May 2013, Mohamed Imranullah S. argues that despite 25% reservation for children from the weaker sections of the society in private schools, they do not end up enrolling themselves in the lack of proper information about it (Imaranullah 2). It shows that lack of awareness regarding the RTE Act and facilities which one can avail under this right is one of the major impediments in the successful implementation of the RTE Act. Siddhartha Shome in her article â€Å"What is Wrong with the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act† draws our attention to a discrepancy inherent in the law itself which may also affect the proper implementation of the Act itself. She point out that if a private school fails to meet the required norms and standards, it will be fined heavily. But, in the same condition, a government run school will face no punishment (Shome 4). This inherent discrepancy, I feel, will also affect the attitudes of authorities in charge as they will not be responsible to provide answers if they fail to meet the given standards. And that will surely affect the education of children too. In their jointly written article â€Å"Feasibility of Implementation of Right to Education Act† and published in Economic and Political Weekly, Pankaj S Jain and Ravindra H Dholakia argue that insufficient allocation of the funds for the universal school system also weakens the proper impleme ntation of the RTE Act (Jain and Dholakia 38). They argue that government school system is inefficient to fulfill the dream nurtured by the Act and as a kind of solution to this problem they suggest to â€Å"rely on low cost private schools as a significant instrument of the government education policy† (Jain and Dholakia 38-43). In response to their article’s argument, Vimala Ramachandran in her article â€Å"Right to Education Act: A Comment† argues that reliance on alternative schools or private schooling will condemn the poor and marginalized to a second-rate education as they can never afford private and expensive schooling (Vimala 155). Status of Implementation of the RTE Act (2013): The study carried out in the year 2013 in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan regarding the implementation of the RTE Act reveals two major impediments in the implementation of the RTE Act: 1) The role of the state and 2) the coordination between the implementing agencies (The Status 26-27). The report reveals that the state is not very much willing to spend money on the proper implementation and there is a lack of coordination between implementing agencies such as the Labor Ministry and the police, the Human Resource Development Ministry, the child rights commissions in each state, etc. For example, In Uttar-Pradesh, the state has no intention of contributing towards implementation of Act and is wholly depended on the central government (Rai 3). The RTE Act states that a child must have access to a school near their home. How many schools would we have to build to meet the needs of the population? Dilara Sayeed in her article â €Å"Hurdles in implementation of Right to Education Act in India† draws our attention towards this problem. She argues that proper infrastructure, poor distribution of budget, acute shortage of teachers and great heterogeneity of citizenry all make proper and smooth implementation of RTE Act very difficult (Sayeed 4). According to her the lack of schools is a major hurdle for the implementation. She argues that for educating every Indian as proposed in RTE Act, not many schools have been built up by the centre or state government to meet the needs of the population (5). Moreover, the alarming growth of private tution-based education with heavy load of fee is also another reason. And because of it children of the poor class lag behind (6). Ramakant Rai in his article â€Å"Challenges in Implementing the RTE Act† draws our attention to another fragile issue which obstructs the smooth implementation of the RTE Act in India. He argues that the Indian Constitution has clear ly stated that implementation of RTE Act cannot be only done by the state but the Centre will have to contribute equally. Lack of funds cannot be the only hurdle for its implementation but lack of intent and political will is the primary obstacle. There is improvement seen in the facilities provided by schools and in infrastructure facilities but still quality of learning could not bring remarkable change over the period of nine years (Madhav Chavan- ASER report). There are many accusations against government school being questioned with mismanagement, skipping, negligence and of appointment made on political expediency (RTE Wiki). The act has provision for orphans to provide admission without seeking any certificates but still schools are not admitting students without required documents (RTE). It has also been argued that the RTE Act has been hastily drafted without concerning many expertise scholars in the field of education. Moreover, it did not properly mention the actual defin ition for quality education. Bibliography: The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 (RTE Act, 2009). The Gazette of India. Web. http://www.ncte-india.org/Norms/RTE-1.pdf>. Soni, R.B.L. and Md. Atiqur Rahman. Status of Implementation of RTE Act-2009 in Context of Disadvantaged Children at Elementary Stage. Deptt. of Elementary Education. National Council of Educational Research and Training. Delhi. The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER). Pratham. Jain, Pankaj S and Ravindra H. Dholakia. â€Å"Feasibility of Implementation of Right to Education Act.† EPW 44.25 (2009):38-43. Print. Ramchandran, Vimala. â€Å"Right to Education Act: A Comment.† EPW. 44.28 (2009): 155-157. Print. Imaranulllah, Mohamed S. â€Å"Advantages and Disadvantages of RTE Act.† The Hindu. May 21, 2013. Sarkar, Chanchal Chand. â€Å"Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 and Its Implementation.† India’s Infrastructure Report 2012. Shome, Sidhartha. â€Å"What is Wrong with the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act.† Manushi: Working Towards Solutions. http://www.manushi.in/ articles.php.> Accessed on October 18 2014. Status of Implementation of the RTE Act: Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Web. https://socialissuesindia.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/status-of-implementation-of-rte-2013.pdf>. Srivastava, Prachi and Claire Noronha. â€Å"Institutional Framing of the Right to Education Act: Contestation, Controversy and Concessions.† EPW 49.18 (2014): 442-456. Print. Rai, Ramakant. â€Å"Challenges in implementing the RTE Act.† Infochange News Features. May 2012. Web. http://infochangeindia.org/education/backgrounders/challenges-in-implementing-the-rte-act.html>. Sayeed, Dilara. â€Å"Hurdels in Implementation of Right to Education Act in India.† India Tribune. Web.http://www.indiatribune.com/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=7659:hurdles-in-implementation-of-right-to-education-act-in-india-catid=30:opinionItemid=460>.

population :: essays research papers

The Immigration Debate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Migration is a natural condition of humankind. People have traditionally moved voluntarily hope of freedom and economical, cultural and educational opportunities. As of recent there has been a conflict of interest in terms of immigration. Mr. John Isbister shows both sides in his book, The Immigration Debate. Although Mr. Isbister shows both sides on immigration, he is clearly proimmigration. He says, â€Å"immigrantscontribute positively to the quality of American life and that immigration is consistent with the moral values that Americans hold closest†isbister 4). He says immigratswill continue to add to America’s melting pot theory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He starts his book talking abouhistory ofnited States policy. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 wereenacted as part to deny asylum toEuropean supporters of Democracy. The Immigration Act of 1924 was the first permanet limitation on immigration, established the â€Å" national origins quota system†(). This act set a quota of immigrants to the United States at two percent of the number of persons of a given nationality residing in the United States. Since quotas were based on the proportions of the U.S. population, the system greatly favored northern Europeans and discriminate against Asians. The quota system was finally abolished in The Migration Refugee Assistance Act of 1962. The act opened opportunities for families to reunify. Many refugees came from Cuba and Latin America. This actr surprisingly increased the number of non white immigrants. Now crowds of Hispanic and Asains can be found throughout the entire nation. Mr. Isbister says that the new infl ux of Hispanics and Asains is cyclical and that the population will control itself. The first cycle happened from 1820 to 1967, nearly 90 percent of all immigrants were from Canada or Europe. From the Migration Refugee Assistane Act of 1962, Mexico and other Central American countries were the maority of immigrants. Only thirteen percent of immigrants were from Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Now there happens to be a huge influx of illegal immigrants. To control the illegal aliens Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act in 1986. This act punished employers who hired undocumented immigrants. It also granted citizenship to illegal aliens who had been residing in the United States for several years. No one really knows how many illegal immigrants there are living in the United States, but estimates say there are about four to five million illegals leaving here, almost all of them are non-white.

Latin America colonial times Essay

?4. How does colonialism engage with notions of spirituality, witchcraft, and/or (ritual) intoxication? You may analyze how the distinctions between orthodox and unorthodox practices were distinguished (and oftentimes blurred). You may look at Staden, the readings on witchcraft and â€Å"superstition,† etc. Beginning in 1492 when the Spanish under the crown of Castile invaded the Americas, where their first settlement was in Santo Domingo, their main motivations were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions and economic gain. Due to these objectives they intervened and attempted to change every facet of the indigenous way of life including their ‘notions of spirituality, witchcraft, and intoxication’. The indigenous population had formally been removed from the jurisdiction of the inquisition by order of King Phillip the second in 1571, however the native people of Mexico and other invaded lands of the Americas were still prosecuted on accounts of witchcraft or being Nauatil (witches). Colonialism engaged with notions of spirituality and witchcraft by asserting their dominance in attempts to completely annihilate these practices. They attempted to make sense of what they did not understand by attributing these happenings to witchcraft and condemning those prosecuted as witches. Further, as previously mentioned, they attempted to spread the Catholic religion by deeming the religious practices previously ‘inherited’ (treatise on Heathen superstition) by the indigenous population as acts of witchcraft. In his letter to Reverend Don Francisco Manso de Zunga, Hernando Ruiz de Alarcon a Spanish navigator of the sixteenth centaury wrote that the reasons behind attempting to completely eradicate the superstitious ways of the people he regarded as Indians was that some of their practices such as â€Å"drunkenness was not permitted to them even in their heathen state† and was punishable by death. (39) His reasons behind â€Å"scraping of drunkenness from the memory of humanity† (39) is that even to those who are believed to be Pagans or non believers (heathens) (39) it was prohibited, therefore once baptised and accepted as Christians it is was a sin to indulge in these acts. To increase the spread and conversion to Catholicism within the Indians, Alarcon, validates the eradication of their customs. Further in his letter Hernando Ruiz de Alarcon explains how by indulging in these superstition practices the Indians are harming themselves. He states â€Å"This (their drunkenness) is the cause of the total destruction of the health of their bodies, and consequently the sufficient and principal barrier to their preservation and increase† (39). Alarcon explains that the deepness with which these practices have fastened into the native American culture leads him to believe that â€Å"the ministers have entered late into their parishioners’ language. † (40). Here we get an indication that despite their conversion to Christianity, Alarcon believes there is no hope to change the Indians’ superstitious ways. In light of the Spaniards determination to spread the Christian faith they attempted to eradicate all other religious practices within the Americas. In his letter Alarcon states in his letter â€Å"others (superstitions) have a weak foundation, because a traditions of their false gods is hardly found among their stories† (39). He explains their previous religion had no concrete roots, they worshiped ‘false gods’ and it was illegitimate; therefore, all rituals and practices for this cause were superstitious. It is important for us to note that the work of finding and documenting the acts of superstition in Mexico was bestowed on Alarcon and therefore it was in his best interest to exaggerate the evidence he supposedly finds. Further, he admits that he is not fully capable to undertake this task because of his â€Å"defective intellect and small experience with writing† (40). In his Treatise on the Heathen Superstition Alarcon explores many aspects of the Mexican native population’s way of idolizing their god’s or goddesses, he attributes this act to an act of worshiping the devil. This is another example of how the Spanish used the notion of witchcraft to propel the spread of Christianity. In his treatise Alarcon states â€Å"and by this means they usually communicate with the devil, because he usually communicates with them when they are deprived of judgement with the said drink and deceives them with different appearances† (48). In this example we can see how Alarcon uses Christianity and the threat of the devil to abolish drunkenness. Alarcon also uses the Devil to explain phenomenons that were beyond the scope of the Spanish understanding. He states in his treatise, â€Å"they (the sages in Mexico) are always deceitful and ceremoniatic and seek to persuade people that they are consummate in knowledge, since they profess to know what is absent and to foresee what is in the future, which, it may be, is revealed to them by the Devil, who can, through knowledge and conjecture, foresee many future events. † (45). Due to the fact that Alarcon and other Spaniards at that time could not make sense of why the prophecies or futuristic readings of the native Mexican sages were holding true, they declared it an act of the Devil and therefore a form of witchcraft. Another example of the Spaniards condemning the unexplainable acts in the Americas is in the document â€Å"On her Deathbed, Maria de la Candelaria Accuses Michaela de Molina of Casting Spells† produced in Guatemala in 1696. In this text different testimonies of various people that witnessed the sickness of Maria de la Candelaria a girl servant. In the testimony of Dona Juana Gonzalez a Spanish woman and mistress of Maria, she states, â€Å"the reason that she presumes this (that Michaela de Molina had casted spells on Maria) is because her servant, Maria had some fights with [Michaela] and not with anyone else. † (170) The Spaniards and even the natives of Guatemala could not fathom why or how Maria was dispelling such large amounts of blood and various objects like stones, rags and hair from her mouth and nose therefore attempted to reason it by condemning Michaela in the act of witchcraft. It is important to understand why the Spanish were interested in Maria’s sickness. In Spain and other parts of Europe the acts of witchcraft were highly condemned. People were afraid of loosing their power and therefore they feared the unknown. They condemned it by illegalizing all forms of witchcraft. Further, the act of ‘drunkenness’ and other practices not coherent with the beliefs of Christianity were also attributed to witchcraft therefore abolishing witchcraft became a means to spread the Christian faith specially since the indigenous population had formally been removed from the jurisdiction of the inquisition by order of King Phillip the second in 1571.

Free Essays on Shakespeare

Wicked World William Shakespeare based his plays on evil actions, which the people of the 1600’s could relate to their own lives. Today, society reads his work, and they can compare it to the twenty- first century. Shakespeare uses the theme of evil to show one person’s greed interrupting the lives of all. In King Lear, Twelfth Night, Timon of Athens, Coriolanus, Taming of the Shrew, and The Tempest different forms of evil rule the lives of the characters in the same way people act today. Shakespeare proves the appearance of evil in mankind, such as greed, violence, and hatred dictates the world. Society of the 1600’s, as today, thinks wealth will bring happiness. With this mindset, greed begins to control their lives. In King Lear, the greed of Lear’s older daughters controls Lear’s life. Goneril and Regan strive to overtake their father’s wealth and power. Shakespeare continuously shows the theme of evil for â€Å" Every cruelty in the action is re-enforced. There is not one evil daughter there are two†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Spencer 137). Goneril instigates a crime, and Regan responds with a harsher punishment. After receiving all their father had to offer, both daughters strive for more. Spencer says, â€Å"Goneril and Regan not only violate natural law by their behavior to their father, they also violate their proper functions as human beings by their lust for Edmund, a lust which ends in murder, suicide, and which makes the description of them as animals doubly appropriate† (Spencer 143). Lear realizes the deceit in his daughter when he says , â€Å"They flattered me like a dog, and told me I had the white/ hairs in my beard ere the black ones were there† (4.6.98-99). Greed continuously interferes with the lives of people today. Recently, Enron’s partnerships disguised five hundred million dollars of debt from their books to continue business. These officials of Enron Corporation have been caught with million dollar bonuses which w... Free Essays on Shakespeare Free Essays on Shakespeare No one questions the fact that William Shakespeare is a pure genius when it comes to creating immortal characters whose characteristics transcends those of the normal supernatural beings, but most students of literature agree that his uses of the supernatural aren’t merely figments of his creative imagination. Every man, woman, and child is influenced by the age into which they are born and Shakespeare was no exception. Not only does his use of supernatural elements within his works reveal the Elizabethans’ obsession with mythical beliefs, but it also reveals his attitude toward these beliefs at different points of his writing career. Because of the profound understanding of the beliefs of his time, Shakespeare was able to create masterpieces that critics and readers have respected all over the world. In Shakespeare’s time, the belief in the presence and power of the supernatural touch life at every point. Customs were formed by it and behavior was dictated by it. Not only did the poor believe in it, but all classes of people were under its spell from nobles to the poor. It governed people’s lives down to the smallest details. They carried charms and mascots, found horror in spilling salt and walking under ladders, and dreaded the thirteenth of Friday (May 35-38). They believed that all supernatural elements were at work. The Elizabethans had always been susceptible to belief in the supernatural. As May notes, these people more that other people questioned matters beyond their vision (39). Shakespeare was clearly influenced by his race. He had an inquiring mind that refused bondage by the limitations of matter (Mish 28). Listing the numberless superstitions that Shakespeare gathered from his environment would be impossible. May believes that it is because his own observations of the habits of animals and plants were explained by stories that were more myth that truth. Elizabethans also gave superstitious explanations for chang... Free Essays on Shakespeare The crux of Shakespeare’s Othello is the tragic fall from grace of ‘valiant Othello’ and the rippling destruction that occurs as a result of Othello’s psychological decay. However, among other themes, of significance to this play is the stratification and marginilisation of individuals and groups. Through the events of the plot and an examination of themes, it is evident that dominant social ideologies expressed through various characters, are the basis of the marginilisation, exploitation and disempowerment of individuals within the play. When considering the marginilisation of principal characters, it is essential to understand not only how characters are marginalised in terms of the plot, but also to what extent the marginilisation of characters acts as a conduit of expressing Shakespeare’s support or questioning of dominant Elizabethan ideologies. The character of Othello is an intriguing one, in that he is a black MA Shakespearean tragedy is one that encompasses many different elements. Shakespeare presents all of these elements spectacularly in Othello. For a tragedy to occur there are five conditions. The protagonist, Othello in this case, must experience a death or a total loss of ranking in society. oor, who the audience sees to hold a position of power, commanding respect as a result of his military position and apparent human nobility. Othello’s human nobility is evident through his: ‘language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament.’(Aristotle) Keep up your bright swords, For the dew will rust them. Othello’s rich dialogue aids in Shakespeare’s presentation of Othello as a man in a position of powerful command, deserving of much respect. It is evident through Othello’s military rank and dialogue, that an audience is positioned to see him as a man of greatness and nobility. Othello is also portrayed as a character that is intrinsically good, who loves passionately and is honest and trusting.... Free Essays on Shakespeare Shakespeare - Man or Myth? Was the man we know as Shakespeare really the author of the "Shakespearean Works"? We know little about the man called Shakespeare, Did he really write the plays, or is he just a man that got confused within history? (Sobran 44) There is not even a correct spelling of this mans name, Some of the spellings include Shakspere, Shakespeare, And Shaxpere. Shakespeare, Is it the man, Or is it another? (Hayes 1D) Shakespeare is both fact and fiction, he was no concern until nearly two hundred years after he perished, and there is still no definite or probably will there ever be a conclusion to this mystery. (Sobran 44) There is another man that can be attributed with the works of "Shakespeare", His name is Edward DeVere, the 17th Earl of Oxford. (Bethell 47) The man known as Shakespeare does not fit perfectly into the necessary criteria to determine the author of these works. Thomas Looney invented a series of criteria that had to be filled, in order to be a possible candidate for th! e authorship of the Shakespearean works. To have all the knowledge that is portrayed in the works, the author must have accomplished many things. These including a superior education, from what we know of "Shakespeare", this was not a possibility.(Bethell 46) We do not even know if Shakespeare has ever written anything in his life, Nor do we know that he was paid for writing these works. The man Shakespeare does not even make a claim that he is the author.(Bethell 50) He may not have been able to write the simplest thing of all, His own name.(Hayes 1D) Its not how little we know about Shakespeare that causes confusion and difficulty, Its the things that we do know about this man that cause the confusion and difficulty. We know Shakespears father, a glover, could not write. When he signed documents, he simply made an "X", This is why it is beleived that Shakespeare could not write also, Because he probably did not attend school th... Free Essays on Shakespeare â€Å"†¦Shakespeare examines the contrast between those who follow accepted social forms and those who challenge them†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Dash 252). Shakespeare’s works are known for portraying women in a different way than was socially acceptable during his time period. Why do Kathrina in the play The Taming of the Shrew, Beatrice in the play Much Ado About Nothing, and Cleopatra in the play Antony and Cleopatra go from being strong female characters to weak ones after they fall in love? When analyzing this question, it is important to first understand the women and their characterization. Kathrina is the eldest daughter of her family and has one younger sister. During this time period the eldest daughter had to get married before the younger one was able to. Kathrina is referred to as â€Å"Kathrina the curst! A title for a maid of all the titles the worst!† (The Taming of the Shrew Act 1 Scene 2). No one wishes to marry her and she does not wish to get married. Kathrina has a sharp tongue and does not believe that she will ever fall in love or get married. Kathrina’s father wants her to get married, so his younger daughter can also marry. He asks many men to marry Kathrina but they all reply that she is too much of a shrew to marry. Like Kathrina, Beatrice in Much Ado About Nothing, believes that she will never fall in love. In Act 1, Scene 1, she states â€Å"†¦I had rather hear my dog bark at a crow than a man swear he loves me.â₠¬  Beatrice feels that she can not fall in love with a man who can not match her wit, and she feels that no man will ever be able to match her wit, therefore she will never marry. Unlike the other two women, Cleopatra is not married, however she does not despise men like the other two do. When first introduced to Cleopatra she is having an affair with Antony, one of the emperors of the Roman Empire. She is a very dramatic person and feels that she must have control over Antony’s emotions towards her.... Free Essays on Shakespeare Wicked World William Shakespeare based his plays on evil actions, which the people of the 1600’s could relate to their own lives. Today, society reads his work, and they can compare it to the twenty- first century. Shakespeare uses the theme of evil to show one person’s greed interrupting the lives of all. In King Lear, Twelfth Night, Timon of Athens, Coriolanus, Taming of the Shrew, and The Tempest different forms of evil rule the lives of the characters in the same way people act today. Shakespeare proves the appearance of evil in mankind, such as greed, violence, and hatred dictates the world. Society of the 1600’s, as today, thinks wealth will bring happiness. With this mindset, greed begins to control their lives. In King Lear, the greed of Lear’s older daughters controls Lear’s life. Goneril and Regan strive to overtake their father’s wealth and power. Shakespeare continuously shows the theme of evil for â€Å" Every cruelty in the action is re-enforced. There is not one evil daughter there are two†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Spencer 137). Goneril instigates a crime, and Regan responds with a harsher punishment. After receiving all their father had to offer, both daughters strive for more. Spencer says, â€Å"Goneril and Regan not only violate natural law by their behavior to their father, they also violate their proper functions as human beings by their lust for Edmund, a lust which ends in murder, suicide, and which makes the description of them as animals doubly appropriate† (Spencer 143). Lear realizes the deceit in his daughter when he says , â€Å"They flattered me like a dog, and told me I had the white/ hairs in my beard ere the black ones were there† (4.6.98-99). Greed continuously interferes with the lives of people today. Recently, Enron’s partnerships disguised five hundred million dollars of debt from their books to continue business. These officials of Enron Corporation have been caught with million dollar bonuses which w... Free Essays on Shakespeare Shakespeare’s works depict deep thoughts of every type of emotion regardless if it is lighthearted or monotonous, the emotions are always deep, and seemed weighed down by some inner depression. Even though the tone and setting may be cheerful and may be talking about an upbeat emotion, the tenor of most his sonnets are heavy and solemn. In â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day?† and â€Å"That Time of Year Though Mayst in Me Behold,† Shakespeare sets the tones differently in each sonnet, however explains how strong his love is for his significant other continuously in each poem with different examples and imagery to express it. Shakespeare set the tone of the â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day,† with the cheerful setting of the summer, while expressing his love for another with joyous imagery. He compares her to sweet things that involve the summer’s uniqueness. He explains how his lover is better than all the beautiful and rich things summer has to offer like its â€Å"temperate† weather, and how the love surpasses the greatness of summer because the love they share will endure, and not end like summer does. In â€Å"That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold,† Shakespeare begins to approach the subject of love in a different way, however sti ll expresses the quantity and the strength of his love, just like in â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day.† While still talking about the strength of his love, he only compares it slightly different with the tone, however continues to illustrate how much love her carries for his significant other. He explains how strong his love is by stating that the death in winter and dismal characteristics of the winter season will never dampen his love for this person whom he speaks about. Shakespeare writes how winter will never stifle his love and that his love will shine through all dreariness, and be the light that shines in all the shadows of the world. David Kaula states in...

Stasis Theory Definition, Use And Key Principles

Stasis Theory Definition, Use And Key Principles Statis Theory For Your Academic Success Some students think that the only goal of a writer is to create simple and readable content, remaining professional and academic. However, you should also provide reliability and accuracy of the mentioned information and the only way to achieve this is to understand the discussed subject. This means that you need to research as much as you can before working on the writing itself. Researching is a great way to learn new data, which is supported by evidence and can greatly improve your critical thinking. This leads us to the most common problem any student has to face: where to find information and how to process it. Luckily, there is a plan, which can help you along the way and it is called stasis theory. In this article, I will tell you what it is about and how to use it effectively in your writing. Definition Stasis theory is a rhetorical approach, which aims to determine the goal of a certain debate issue. It was introduced by Aristotle (or Hermagoras according to other sources) and was used by rhetoricians and philosophers since ancient times. These great minds defined key questions, which were first used in legal cases. Mentioned questions were used in a particular order because the answer on every question depended on the previous one. Stasis theory is very useful for writing essays, conducting research and working as a part of a team. When stasis theory is used, it aims to determine the following elements: Conjecture, i.e. facts; Meaning of the issue (its definition); Importance of the issue (its quality); Plan of actions (so-called policy). Remember, it is crucial to follow the proper order of the theory. However, to simplify the process you can divide every category into subcategories. Below is an example of how you can divide mentioned stages to get the maximum benefits out of the writing process. Fact Did anything happen? What was the cause of the event? Can the event be changed? For example, does climate change exist? What caused it? What can we do about it? Definition Nature of the problem; What sort of a problem it is? What parts make up the problem and how they interlink? For example, is climate change defined solely as global warming or it includes other issues? Quality Does it have a positive or a negative impact? How serious the problem is? What are its consequences and who is the most affected by the issue? What will happen if the problem is solved? For example, are changes in the ecosystem really harmful? Who is the most affected? Policy Should any actions be applied? What groups of people or individuals are involved in the process of solving the problem? What actions should be done? What should happen to resolve the issue? For example, is it necessary to find a solution to climate changes? Who should be involved? Research Stasis theory is a great solution for writers, who are willing to get maximum information on the studied subject. It is a key element of successful work, so you need to understand the theory’s basic principles not depending on the type of assignment you have. Stasis theory acts as a list of the most efficient analytical questions that help in collecting the most recent and relevant information. When you are working on the questions, you need to evaluate multiple sources: literature, interviews, databases, journals, polls and much more. Stasis approach helps not only to get access to the most accurate information on the research but also assists in exploring the issue even before shaping a thesis. For example, you are given a very challenging topic and you need to provide your own opinion and arguments. Before you shape your own ideas, you can apply all the stasis questions and explore the subject. This will help you to decide what side you are on and what your ideas on the matter are. In addition, stasis theory questions help in identifying gaps in your knowledge. If you can’t answer two or more questions, this means that you must conduct deeper research. Teamwork When you are asked to work as a part of a team, stasis approach helps to find common issues by starting a dialogue until the consensus is found. To provide an example, let us again return to the question of global warming and whether it is caused only by the harmful behavior of the planet’s inhabitants. While parts of the team may think that climate change was caused by people, others would disagree. Reaching a certain stasis means finding an idea or term, which everyone could agree with. Even though team members may have different opinion on whether climate changes were caused by people or not, all of them agree that those changes have a negative effect on Earth (fact), it leads to endangering of multiple species (fact) and of course everyone will agree that this problem influences us all (quality). In such a way a stasis will be reached in at least two categories (quality and fact) but they would still disagree on the definition (whether the problem is caused by people or by other issues) and the policy (what actions should be taken to solve the problem). Even if opinions differ, this theory helps to create and hold a dialogue and to write a strong paper. Without such a theory, members of the team would probably drown in arguments and would feel stressed about the assignment. You should remember that working in a team means that you should always use arguments and reach a consensus if members have different opinion. For example, you can make a list of different reasons why people should be blamed for global warming and also provide arguments why they shouldn’t. Let the reader decide whose side to choose. Many field experts name stasis theory a sort of research guideline. Simply by using its standard questions, you will be able to get maximum information on the matter, shape your own opinion and write an assignment, which will be filled with credible data. This theory is also of great use for teams because it helps to find common grounds and solve conflict situations. Remember, stasis theory is all about logic and thorough research of a given issue, so don’t waste your time and get started immediately.